United States Experience During Wars - 897 Words

Section II.2. United States Experience during wars The history of the United States is riddled with military engagements and warfare. To the present day, the world knows the United States as a militaristic power. During the 20th the century the United States participated in many military specially the World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. World War I created a national state with unprecedented powers and a sharply increased presence in American’s everyday lives. During the war, wages rose, working conditions improved, and union membership increased. To finance the war, corporate and individual income taxes rose enormously. (Textbook, p. 729-730). The war gave a powerful impulse to other campaigns in the Progressive Era. Ironically, efforts to stamp out prostitution and protect soldiers from venereal disease led to distribute birth-control information and devices, this action took Margaret Sanger to jail before this being promoted. (Textbook, p. 733). World War I raised questions already glimpsed during the Civil War: What is the balance between freedom and security? Should dissent be equated with lack of patriotism? It demonstrated that during a war, traditional civil liberties are probably to be under severe pressure. Does the Constitution protect citizens’ right during wartime? Despite the administrati on’s idealistic language of freedom, the war inaugurated the most intense repression of dissent. For in the eyes of government and supporters, America’s goalsShow MoreRelatedImperialism And The United States Experience During World War I855 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War One, the United States encountered many challenges, affecting America and Foreign Nations and their respective populations. Imperialism, economic expansion and industrialization impacted the United States’ experience during World War One. Americans were forced to recognize their strengths and weaknesses internally and externally. 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They relied on the allies for military equipmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Proclamation Of Baghdad Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesTowards the beginning of Emma Sky’s memoirs of her time working as a representative and advisor to the United States government in Iraq, she writes of one day in 2003 when the people of the city of Kirkuk, where she was stationed, whispered frantic rumors of a Jihadi infiltration of the city. To allay those fears, Colonel William Mayville, Commander of the U.S. Army s 173rd Airborne Brigade in Kirkuk, prepared a media statement for the city. The speech was entitled â€Å"to the People of Kirkuk ProvinceRead MoreThe Memory Of The Vietnam War Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe memory of war is one that often focuses on larger political and military topics while the average person often overlooks micro scale events, such as the refugee experience. 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Hunter Rittle. Mrs. Voshell . Honors English 10 . 6 January

Hunter Rittle Mrs. Voshell Honors English 10 6 January 2016 Pearl as a Symbol Throughout the Scarlet Letter In the novel, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, a woman named Hester Prynne commits a sin. She commits the sin of adultery which results in the birth of her daughter Pearl. Hester now has to wear a scarlet letter on her chest for the rest of her life. Unbeknownst to everyone else except Hester, Dimmesdale, is the father of Pearl. Hester’s husband, Roger Chillingworth, now seeks revenge for what Hester has done to him. He learns that Dimmesdale is the father but tells no one because he wants to have something over Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale reveals his sin to the public of Boston and dies. Pearl and Hester leave to make a life for themselves.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"She approaches and affects Hester and Dimmesdale appropriately different ways suited to the capacity of each to receive and understand her meaning† (McNamara 540). This shows that Pearl can change Hester and Dimmesdale. â€Å"An imp of evil, emblem and product of sin† (Hawthorne 103). This show s that the townspeople of Boston see her as a product of sin. Pearl has many different roles in this novel. Another use of Pearl is that she seems to be able to change the characters in the novel. Due to her sin and the birth of Pearl, Hester must now wear the scarlet letter for the rest of her life (Hawthorne 60). Dimmesdale also has to wear something for his sin. But Dimmesdale does it in secret since no one knows he is the father of Pearl. He has disfigured his chest in some way. Near the end of the novel, Hester finally takes off her scarlet letter after Dimmesdale and her make plans to leave Boston with Pearl. Pearl, who does not like this, grows angry at her mother and begs Hester to put the scarlet letter back on . â€Å"Pearl causes a visible change in Hester by audibly, imperiously, and petulantly demanding that her mother pin the discarded A in its customary place† (McNamara 540). At the end of the novel Dimmesdale shows to everyone his chest and what he has done. H e also confesses to being the father of Pearl. â€Å"With a convulsive motion, he tore away the ministerial band from before his breast. It was revealed!† (Hawthorne 281). All the

Bay of Pigs Free Essays

string(18) " went on the air\." The interest of the United States in Cuba goes as far back as the pre-Civil War era when it wanted to annex Cuba as a slave state for its cotton. However, it was only in 1898 that Cuba was won from Spain following the Spanish-American war. While this lasted only until 1902, the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Bay of Pigs or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. was able to negotiate a long-term lease on the island at the Guantanamo Bay and turned it into a naval base. From that time until Castro took the helm, the second most powerful official in Cuba after the President was the U. S. Ambassador (Lafeber, 19 April 1986, p. 537). In 1947, open hostilities with communism have begun. President Truman recommended to the U. S. Congress to stop the Russian aggression in Europe. This was contained in the Truman Doctrine (Ismael, 1965, P. 3212). This was followed by a U. S. -led food airlift to the western sector which the Russians were starving out with its Berlin blockade. Then, there was the assistance provided to the communists, by the way, eventually won and the active participation in the Korean War of 1950. While such actions were unpopular,, there was an apparent consensus that the U. S. should indeed show that it is not beyond having to use force to stop the expansionist plans of the communists. In 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President. The anti-communist sentiment was particularly rife at that time with Senator McCarthy charging practically everyone of being a communist, and succeeded in spreading fear and conflict throughout the country. In Asia, China was showing signs of aggression against Taiwan which then led to the US pledge of aid to any Southeast Asian Treaty Organization member who has to fight off communist advances. In Latin America, communist influence was equally spreading. In 1959, on January 1st, Fidel Castro and his guerillas managed to overthrow Fulgencio Batista and the former Prime Minister and newly-elected President Dr. Andres Rivero Aguero (Telzrow, 2006). The United States was one of the first countries to acknowledge Castro’s ascendancy through an official note declaring â€Å"the sincere goodwill of the government of the United States towards the new government† (Welch, 1982, p. 29). Shortly thereafter, Philip Bonsal was appointed as the new US Ambassador to Havana. Bonsal was the former ambassador to Bolivia where the Spanish-speaking career diplomat was able to establish a good relationship with the leftist administration. Four months later, in April 1959, Fidel Castro visited the United States where then Vice President Richard Nixon got to meet him. Nixon unilaterally proclaimed him to be a communist. Castro’s subsequent reforms were radical enough to align Cuba with communist party and collide with the Eisenhower Administration. There was the suspension of free elections, socialization of private business and the confiscation of U. S. property. This was followed by the nationalization of businesses which produced staple products such as milk and milk and by-products, sugar, beer, toiletries, textiles and even banks (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 161). Given these internal developments in Cuba, the U. S. Department of State had started to draw up an agreement with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that would effect the downfall of Castro by using the Cuban faction opposed to him to make it look like an internal act. The situation was more alarming and an insult inasmuch as communism was practically taking root next door. In December 1959, an outline of operations both in covert and propaganda form for the overthrow of Castro was drawn up by the CIA head of Western Hemisphere, J. C. King. A more comprehensive plan was drawn up by Jacob Esterline, former chief of the Guatemala station. On March 17, President Eisenhower approved a paper penned by the CIA entitled â€Å"A Program of Covert Action Against the Castro Regime† and the plan to bring down Castro was underway. People were put in place. David Atlee Phillips was made propaganda chief. He was to run Radio Swan, the station that would be broadcasting propaganda against the Castro government. E. Howard Hunt was made chief of political action with the main task of organizing and preparing the members of the government that will replace Castro’s once it is overthrown. (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 159). By July 1960, Russia and the U. S. were exchanging barbs. The Soviet Prime Minister Nikita Khruschev had declared its support for Castro to which Eisenhower adamantly replied that communism will not be allowed by the U. S. to grow in the Western Hemisphere (Sierra, 2007, par. 7). On October 28, the United States recalled Ambassador Bonsal permanently back to Washington and followed later by officially breaking off all diplomatic relations with Cuba. Cuba soon began to receive arms from the Soviet Union (Telzrow, 21 August 2006, 37+). The incumbent administration’s interest was not only directed on Cuba in 1960. Internally, there was a more immediate concern on hand. It was campaign period for the Presidential elections. Vice President Richard Nixon was running against the popular Senator John F. Kennedy. He realized the sensitivity of the issue about Castro and communist Cuba and rode to the hilt the American voters’ anti-Castro sentiment and their restlessness towards its resolution. Earlier in the campaign, he was already briefed by CIA Director Allan Dulles on intelligence matters as required by law and this briefing included the confidential information about the training of exiles from Cuba who will be mobilized for an assault on the island. Then, on the eve of a candidate’s debate, Kennedy attacked Eisenhower’s Cuba policy. He openly called for U. S. support for the exiled anti-Castro forces and further exclaimed that thus far, these exiles had not received any support from the government. Kennedy knew that Nixon will not be able to counter this attack without compromising the secrecy of the plan. Nixon could only criticize Kennedy for the irresponsibility of his statements (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, pp. 160-162). Meanwhile, the plan was steadily materializing. In May 1960, Radio Swan went on the air. You read "Bay of Pigs" in category "Papers" Using a powerful transmitter, it broadcasted programs that were actually taped in Miami. The Cuban exiled forces were placed in Guatemala. The incumbent President and dictator of Guatemala, Gen. Miguel Ydigoras owed his position to the CIA for enforcing a covert operation in 1954 against then Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz. He thus allowed an airport to be built in his country. Nicaragua’s Anastacio Somoza also provided a training base in his country (LaFeber, 16 April 1966, 537+). The Cuban exiled forces were collectively called Brigade 2506. They were originally being trained off the coast of Florida. Eventually, the size of the brigade grew to about 1,500 soldiers. The Castro government was not turning a blind eye against all these things that were going on. Eventually, Castro had his chance and on September 26, 1960, he addressed the UN General Assembly where he charged the U. S. for setting up a broadcasting station in Swan Island which the U. S. lamely refuted by stating that it was a privately-owned station by a commercial broadcasting company. A month later, Cuba again went on the offensive again in the UN General Assembly this time with the Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa providing well-informed details on how the recruitment and training of these exiled forces were allegedly being conducted. In his address, however, he did not call them exiles but as mercenaries and counter-revolutionaries. He stated that they were recruited, paid and sustained by the CIA by providing for them and their families (Sierra, 2007, par. 19). Later, in 2000, during a historic meeting of the personalities involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion, these exiles were once again referred to as mercenaries at which point Fidel Castro corrected him, â€Å"They’re brigadistas† (Dinges, 23 April 2001, 6). It was Castro’s strategy to turn the tide of foreign opinion against the Americans and later we will see how this tactic by Castro proved to be effective. At the interim, a budget of USD13 million was approved by President Eisenhower. He also authorized the use of the Defense Department’s personnel and equipment but pointedly instructed that no American citizen must be used in combat. However, the CIA’s initial attempt at dropping weapons and supplies in Cuba failed miserably. The drop zone was missed and the ground agent was caught and shot (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, 161). On January 1961, President John F. Kennedy took office. After campaigning heavily against lack of action on Cuba, he essentially trapped himself. In LaFeber’s (1986), Kennedy â€Å"despised Castro and saw himself going head-to-head with Nikita Kruschev over which superpower would control the Third World. He was also passionately committed to a romantic view of counter-revolutionary operations and feared being labeled as less of an anti-Communist than Eisenhower, whose policies he had blasted only months earlier. So the attack went ahead on the night of April 17† (537+). Before the actual invasion happened, the plan changed several times due to several factors. Kennedy’s Department of State was afraid of the consequential impact on the US relations with Latin America (Lafeber, 1986, 537+). White House adviser Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. remarked that while Kennedy was adamant about not using US soldiers directly, but the CIA acted on the conviction that he will change his mind (Dinges, 2001, 6). Everyone was of the assumption that the Cuban people would all rise spontaneously to get rid of Castro (Lafeber, 1986, 537+). Meanwhile, despite all the efforts to avoid having the US stamp on the exiled forces by having the training camps and airfield in Nicaragua and Guatemala, it was soon evident that the operation did not remain a secret for very long. It was even already being discussed within cliques in the UN. On Jan. 11th 1961, the Joint Chief of Staff were consulted for the first time on. From the combined minds of the Department of Defense, the CIA and the JCS, Operation Bumpy Road was born. On Jan. 28th, newly-elected President John F. Kennedy was briefed. The concept of the plan as outlined in the memorandum prepared by two senior CIA officials in charge of the brigade, Jacob Esterline and Jack Hawkins. A small area was to be seized and defended at the initial stage. There will be no more offensive tactics to be done until the expected uprising of the majority of the Cuban people begins or an overt operation by the US forces is (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). The landing was already plotted to be in Trinidad, which was in the southern coast of Cuba. This is located near Escambray Mountains. His would be an ideal site for Operation Bumpy Road because of the alternatives that it can offer. The expeditionary forces already have the goodwill of the population of Trinidad as the majority is anti-Castro. In case the defense of the landing is compromised, they could turn to Plan B and flee into the mountains. There, a guerilla warfare can be fought. Thus, with this plan in mind, Brigade 2506 trained throughout 1960 under this plan. Richard Bissell, CIA Director of Plans, assessed the plans. He believed that there is a possibility of success such that they might survive and gain support for as long as they hold their ground. If the support from the Cuban people comes, then the US can make overt action plans on the pretense of backing the revolutionaries (Bight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). Originally scheduled for Mach 5, 1961, the operation was put on hold until April after examination of all possible alternatives. This was due to the intervention of the State Department for diplomatic and political reasons. The U. S. still believes that it can get away with â€Å"plausible deniability† and Operation Bumpy Road can no way disguise U. S. complicity. Hence, despite argument from Bissel that postponement and possible plan revision will create undue tension and resentment among the brigade members, the March date did not materialize. In fact a revolt by the exiles who were training in Guatemala did occur in late January 1961 with 500 resigning (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 164). Bissell concluded that this plan may be the only one where a covert operation is still possible in bringing down Fidel Castro. National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy was not in accord and instead recommended a trade embargo instead and allow internal rif to reach a boling point before launching the brigade. So, it was a Bumpy Road indeed as the rinidad Plan was rejected. President Kennedy set down his conditions in preparing a new plan. First, it must be a silent landing and it is to be done at night. The CIA then presented three alternatives. There was a revision of the Trinidad Plan, there was to be a new target for landing which would be the northeast coast and the third alternative would be at the Bay of Pigs codenamed â€Å"Operation Zapata†. The President chose the Zapata Plan liked but with certain changes particularly that it must have the appearance of being more of a guerilla-type of operation. Thus, it was modified to a night landing (instead of a dawn landing) with air drops at first light. Kennedy questions the necessity of the air strikes. A compromise was agreed to limit the air strikes to two days before d-day simultaneous with a diversionary landing of 160 men in Eastern Cuba. These strikes will give the impression that the air strikes are those by Cuban pilots defecting from the Cuban air force and thus further giving lie that its an internal uprising. Bissell also reassures Kennedy that the Cubans on the island will join in an uprising. The chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations, Senator William Fullbright did not believe that such tactics will fool anyone. However, a vote from the advisers favored moving ahead (Blight Kornbluh 1999, 165). Seven days before d-day, Esterline and Hawkins sent notice that they want to quit, that â€Å"the project was out of control† but Bissell prevailed upon them to stay. Three days before the invasion, Kennedy made a statement in a press conference that the US Armed Forces One day before the invasion, the number of plane were reduced from 16 to six planes as ordered by Kennedy to keep it minimal. On April 16, the landing plan was approved by Kennedy. However, fearing international condemnation, Kennedy cancels the dawn air strikes until the beachhead airfield is in the hands of the landing force and completely operational and capable of supporting the raids. Bissell argued unsuccessfully that the landings will be seriously endangered without it. The air strikes were cancelled. Aboard the Blagar, CIA agent Grayston Lynch receives intelligence report that the Cuba air force will strike, it moves close to shore and delivers gunfire support to the landing troops. The Brigade troops landed at 1’o clock in the morning. Later that morning, the Houston comes under air attack and is hit. Blight and Kornbluh (1999) gives a detailed account: â€Å"It goes aground with about 180 men on the west side of the Bay of Pigs – about five miles from the landing beach. At 9:30 AM, the freighter Rio Escondido is sunk by a direct rocket hit from a Sea Furya â€Å"with ten day’s reserves of ammunition on board, as well as food, hospital equipment, and gasoline. All crew members are rescued and transferred to the Blagar. Fighting rages throughout the day, with the brigade freighters withdrawing 50 miles out to sea. That evening, President Kennedy discusses the deteriorating situation with his advisers† (p. 168). On April 18, the Brigade Commander refused a call for evacuation. While at the UN on the same day, Ambassador Adlai Stevenson continued to deny that the United States had intervened militarily in Cuba. Bissell, in direct violation of Kennedy’s instructions, authorized American pilots to fly combat missions when a number of the Cuban pilots at Pueto Cabezos refused to fly. On April 19, two planes flown by U. S. pilots were shot down and the pilots killed. The invasion force were captured. About 130 were killed and 1,189 were taken prisoners. Cuba’s casualties were about 157. Mass trials were held and the prisoners were each given a sentence of 30 years. Negotiations got underway and after 20 months, most were released in exchange for money, food and medical supplies (Sierra, 2007). In the aftermath, Lymann Kirkpatrick, the CIA Inspector General, issued a report that pointed to Bissell and his aide Tracy Barnes as not having firm plans for the invasion and failed to advise Kennedy that a covert action is not at all possible. Bissell rebutted by issuing a memorandum of his own and putting the blame on Kennedy’s withdrawal of the air strikes. On June 13, 1961, General Taylor, head of the Taylor Committee composed on Gen. Maxwell taylor, Atty. General Robert Kennedy, Adm. Arleigh Burke and Dir. Gen. Of CIA Allen Dulles to investigate why the operation failed submits their report to President Kennedy that the operation was ill-considered and it was never ever possible that Zapatacan be run as a covert operation. If a reorientation of the operation had not been possible, the project should have been abandoned. (Blight Kornbluh, 1999, p. 169). Apart from the reports of Kirkpatrick of the CIA and the Taylor Committee, and after more documents relating to the Bay of Pigs invasion surfaced and were declassified, the following can be concluded: – the CIA made decisions on mere assumptions that the people would spontaneously assist in overthrowing Castro (Lafeber, 1986). – they failed to see that the exiles and the supporters were the loud minority while the majority were straddling the fence in a wait-and-see attitude inasmuch as Castro’s government was still at its inception and already seemed to have been serious about its reforms in distributing the wealth concentrated on the few during the previous regime which was openly supported by the U. S. – the United States could have lost sympathy from the locals since from 1898, they have exerted great influence over Cuba’s internal affairs seemingly to the point of meddling in order to favor American businesses and the invasion was undeniably a US-backed operation the US did not trust its own invading force, not even telling the Cuban exiles the actual day of the invasion. One agent admitted that, â€Å"I don’t trust any goddamn Cuban. † (Lafeber, 1986) – aside from being trapped by his own campaign statements, the ongoing cold war forced Kennedy to take immediate if indecisive action in battling Cuba’s Castro and ultimately the USSR’s Nikita Khrushchev for the Western hemisphere – there were tactical errors such as mistaking for seaweed the Bay of Pigs coral reef which caused the craft to run aground and made the easy marks. – the US underestimated the Castro’s security and defenses. In a historic meeting in 2001 between the antagonists and the protagonists in the invasion which was held in Cuba, it was divulged that â€Å"a vast security network had been established and about 20,000 suspected dissidents were rounded up† which effectively squelched US expectations of a mass rebellion. Moreover, the Cuban air forces’ better planes were camouflaged and the ones that were destroyed by the pre-d-day strike were decoys. (Dinges, 2001, p. 6). – the CIA strategy is rooted on another assumption that no president, Kennedy included despite his statements against overt operations, will allow the United States to â€Å"go down in ignominous defeat† and will send in the Marines (as related by White House adviser Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. In Dinges, 2001). – there were no CIA broadcasts to announce the invasion (Telzrow, 2006). – from Jack Hawkins himself, Kennedy made the fatal error of placing â€Å"plausible deniability ahead of military viability (Hawkins 1996, p. 36+). It would seem highly improbable that the world’s greatest superpower would be defeated by a revolutionary government barely over a year in power. However, that is exactly what Cuba did under Fidel Castro’s leadership. On April 19, 1961 Cuba was able to repulse an invasion led by 1,400 commandos of Brigade 2506 who arrived at Playa Giron (Giron Beach) from Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs). Brigade 2506 was US-backed all the way. The planning and training was done by the CIA. They were armed and supplied by the US. It was not a failure of the men of the invasion force who fought valiantly and refused to be evacuated. Given the circumstances surrounding the invasion, it was a â€Å"perfect failure† as it has now been dubbed for the spectacular defeat of the US. Overall, this is mainly due to the arrogance displayed by America and has now been immortalized in the Bay of Pigs. Bibliography Blight, J. G. Kornbluh, P. (Eds. ) (1999). Politics of illusion: The Bay of Pigs invasion re-examined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. Dinges, J. (2001, April 23). Back to the Bay of Pigs. The Nation, 272, 6. Hawkins, J. (1996, December 31). The Bay of Pigs operation was doomed by presidential indecisiveness and lack of commitment. National Review, 48, 36+. Ismael, F. L. (1965). The United States as a world leader. The Book of Knowledge, vol. 9, pp. 3206-3224. New York: Grolier Incorporated. LaFeber, W. (1986, April 19). Lest we forget the Bay of Pigs; the unlearned lessons. The Nation, 242, 537-539. Sierra, J. A. (2007). History of Cuba. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://www. historyofcuba. com/cuba/htm. Telzrow, M. E. (2006, August 21). Bay of Pigs betrayal: The betrayal of the Cuba people by the CIA, State Department and staff members of the New York Times ranks as one of the America’s darkest foreign-policy moments. The New American, 22, 37-39. Welch. R. E. (1985). Response to revolution: The United States and the Cuban revolution, 1959-1961. Chappel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. How to cite Bay of Pigs, Papers

Professional Business Project Employees on Organisation

Question: Describe about the Professional Business Project for Employees on Organisation. Answer: Introduction: Employees are always been considered as the integral parts of the organization. The success of a business is highly dependent on the performance of every employee at the workplace. In order to provide an effective service to the organization, employees need motivation from the organizational managers or the employers. This particular study provides a deep insight regarding numerous motivational approaches that the business managers can use for encouraging the spirit of the employees. By using various approaches of motivation, organizational managers intend to maintain a good communication with the employees. Keeping an effective communication with the employees is one of the major ways maintaining employee relation at the workplace. While working within the organization an employees key focus remains customer centric. Providing a systematic service to the customers for satisfying their demands is the primary mission and vision of every business organization. Employees being an integrate part of the business organization try their best to provide the best services to the employees. However, an immense co-operation and support is needed on behalf of the managers as well as employees for getting satisfactory services from the employees. However, in this particular study an in-depth analysis has been developed regarding the importance of motivational approaches, various factors affecting motivations to the employees and the impact of motivational approaches and so on. The concept of motivational approach along with motivational theory Employee motivation is a process or a commitment that an existing worker gets from the organizational managers, leaders or the employers in order to reach the business goal. Before involving a particular employee within a specific project, the managers need to provide support and co-operation so that employees get enough enthusiasm from them. Appelbaum, (2013) stated that most of the business organization tends follow motivational theory within their organization so that both the employers and the employees can be force to maintain this value. As per Herzbergs Hygiene factors theory, motivation comes from the spirit. Spirit and demonization are two contradictory factors. In order to maintain the spirit and courage at the workplace, the de-motivating factors should be left (Bell, 2013). Employees should have that capability to overcome any kind of temporary barriers, be it organizational or external. On the other hand, Maslows Hierarchy of needs is considered as one of the most effective human motivational theories that implies the needs of human being is constituted with five motivational factors. These include self-actualization, esteem, love, safety and psychology. Self-actualization believes that an individual person should have the efficiency to accept the reality and to solve any kind of problems at various difficulties (Cherian Jacob, 2013). Esteem implies that a person should respect others feelings in order to get that respect from others. Love indicates a bonding among the organizational employees while working at the same place. Employees should have a feeling of security at that places where they are working. Psychology is otherwise named as mentality. People of various cultures and background are associated with an organization (Chiang Hsieh, 2012). Their mentality may not understand each others feeling. Therefore, Maslow suggests that employee should maintain unit y at the workplace so that managers get the opportunity to take a collective decision. These four factors are primarily responsible for motivating an individual employee at the workplace. Figure 1: Hierarchy of need (Source: Cho Perry, 2012) Importance of motivational approach to the employees Motivational approaches are highly effective on the performance of the employees. Some of the major importance of motivational approaches is as follows: Improves the level of performance: Graves, Sarkis Zhu, (2013) stated that employees sometimes being skillful and competent in their own field fail to perform well at the workplace due to the lack of spirit and motivation. Therefore, ability along with willingness renders good performance. In order to get an effective performance from the employees, motivational approaches is one of the major ways, based on which the employees can perform well. Changes indifferent or negative attitudes of the employees: People of various psychology and attitude belong to an organization. They consider that providing extra effort for the success of an organization is meaningless. In this kind of situation, the responsibility of thee managers are to convince those employee how organization facilitates them for their additional efforts (Hau et al., 2013). For an example, if an individual is ready to provide additional service for the organization, this person is rewarded. This particular reward acts as a motivation for this individual that is able to remove negative attitudes from the mind of the employees. Reduce the employee turnover: Motivation reduces the percentage of employee turnover. With the changing demand of the customers as well as thee employers, employees become frustrated to survive in the tedious workplace. In this kind of situation, those employees tend to take many drastic steps. Jiang et al., (2012) opined that turnover is considered as one of those steps. Therefore implementing employee motivational approaches within the process of business is one of the most effective ways of reducing employee turnover. The company can provide necessary facilities and benefits to the employees so that they get tempted to work under the work environment of this organization. Figure 2: Importance of motivational approaches (Source: Kehoe Wright, 2013) The approaches of increasing motivation Several approaches or techniques of increasing employee motivation are as follows: Creating a positive work environment: The management should always maintain a positive work environment within the business organization. Positive environment can be created with the help of sharing ideas, encouraging the spirit of teamwork, prohibiting any kind of dispute at the workplace and so on. Managers have to take the responsibility for maintaining these kinds of positive environment at the workplace. In addition, sharing views also helps the managers to take any collective decision at the emergency time. Using participative leadership style for setting a particular goal: Khan et al., (2012) stated that participative leadership style at the workplace encourages the employees for providing their best services towards the organization. With the help of participative leadership style, both the employees and the managers can participate equally for setting a business goal. Managers do not intend to impose their decision on the employees. As a result, employees feel glad to share their opinion regarding the betterment of business process. Therefore, participative leadership style is always fruitful for motivating the employees. Figure 3: Different approaches of employee motivation (Source: Larkin, Pierce Gino, 2012) Factors affecting employee motivation It is also undeniable that some of the major factors highly affects the motivation and spirit of the employees. Due to those factors, the business growth and success are affected as well. The factors are as follows: Implementation of autocratic leadership style at the workplace: With the help of autocratic leadership style managers intend to impose their decision on the employees. As a result, employees do not get enough opportunities to share their point of views regarding the business goal (Leblebici, 2012). In this kind of situation, employees get de-motivated to perform well as their decision is of no value. Therefore, the organization should follow democratic leadership at the workplace so that the employees get motivation in order to put their best effort for the organization. Ineffective communication between managers and the employees: Sometimes managers do not intend to maintain an effective communication with the employees. The employees as a result hesitate to share any kind of problem regarding their job profile. This kind of relation renders a distance between managers and the employees. In order to overcome this static situation, organizational managers should arrange a face-to-face communication at least once in a weak where the employees would like to disclose their heart about any kind of problem inside the organization. As a result, the interpersonal relation between the managers and the employees would be stronger automatically. Lack of implementation in regulations and acts at the workplace: In order to run an organization successfully, the authority has to follow some of the major regulations and acts at the workplace. These include data protection act, right to information act, health and safety act, anti-discrimination act and so on. With the help of those acts and regulations both the employees and the employers can avoid legal issues. If a business organization shows their reluctance to follow these necessary acts and regulations at the workplace, the employees do not want to involve within the service process of this particular company. Lee Ok, (2012) stated that security is necessary in order to provide good performance to an organization. Lack of security loses the level of confidence to the employees. Figure 4: Factors affecting employee motivation (Source: Manzoor, 2012) Impact of employee motivation on the performance of the employees Corporate performance as well as the revenue growth is highly challenging for a business industry. Employees have a major contribution for rendering the sufficient revenue from various sources. However, motivational approaches are one of the most effective factors based on which organizational employees can perform well. The positive impacts of employee motivation are as follows: Increasing productivity: If the employees get immense motivation and support from their leaders or manager, they get enthusiasm for performing well towards products or services. With the help of democratic leadership style, organizational leaders give enough opportunities to the employees for sharing their point of views regarding the business goal. Therefore, being encouraged, the employees tend to provide effective services for increasing their productivity. the productivity of an individual employee. On the other hand, the effect of employee motivation is not devoid of some of its major negative effects as well. These are as follows: Employee turnover: Due to the lack of healthy environment at the workplace, employees lose their confidence to survive within the workplace. They get de-motivated to provide an effective service to the customers. As a result, turnover becomes the ultimate solution. Employee turnover is the indirect cause of organizational disaster. Organization would fail to maintain sustainability if the employees cannot survive for a long time. The success of a business organization is highly dependent on the performance of experienced employees. Dishonesty: If an individual within the organization gets tempted and provoked in the name of motivation, this particular employee becomes harmful for the company in future. Providing a good service to the customers is not the primary concern for those employees. Their only concern is self-satisfaction. These kinds of employees are truly poisonous for meeting future organizational goal. Conceptual framework: Figure 5: Conceptual framework Source: Created by author Outline of the methodology: Research methodology is a systematic process based on which the entire process of research is accomplished systematically. This particular process helps to collect sufficient data and information regarding the research issue (Rajhans, 2012). This particular study has focused to deal with the importance of motivational approaches to enhance the performance level of employees. In order to gather sufficient data and information, some relevant research methodology can be used such as appropriate research philosophy, research approach, research design and various data collection methods and techniques. In order to know different techniques of motivational approaches post positivism philosophy has been used for this particular purpose. Positivists believe that observation is repeatable and a phenomenon is isolated (Skudiene Auruskeviciene, 2012). This particular philosophy is very much fruitful for gathering necessary data regarding the research issue. In addition, for this particular research, deductive approach has been effectively used due to the several reasons. Deductive approach is completely based on case study. With the help of deductive approach, a case study regarding the effectiveness of motivational approach has been made. Management of data collection (statistical, demographical and visual) Data collection procedure is one of the most systematic ways of gathering relevant data and information with the help of various sources. Data collection procedure is constituted with two types primarily that include primary data collection method and secondary data collection method (Wright, Moynihan Pandey, 2012). In this particular study, data has been gathered with the help of secondary source of data collection procedure. Three primary types of data has been used in this study that includes statistical data collection, demographic data collection and visual data collection. Statistical data collection method is constituted with four types including textual method, tabular method, semi tabular method and graphical method (Yeh-Yun Lin Liu, 2012). In textual method, the reader generally intends to gather information by gathering data from various textbooks. Tabular semi tabular method is based on orderly presentation presenting through various columns and rows. Graphical data method helps to provide information through various graphical representations. Demographic data is based on a particular region within a specific population. Sampling techniques have been used at the time of collecting demographic data. Sampling is constituted with two types including probability sampling technique and non-probability sampling technique method. Visual data collection method is based on the power of observation of the data analysis from various authentic sources. This particular study has focused to concentrate on probability sampling method. With the help of probability sampling method, a random sampling technique has been used in order to collect data and information from various resources. This particular study has focused to highlight the motivational approaches of some of the renowned companies of Australia among which B2M Solution is most prominent (Yidong Xinxin, 2013). As already stated, secondary analysis is the key concern for this particular study. Secondary data analysis is primarily constituted with four types including thematic an alysis, case study analysis, observation analysis and finally focus group analysis. This particular study has decided to use observation analysis due to several reasons. With the help of observation analysis, an in-depth critical analysis regarding the importance of motivational approaches has been pointed out based on four journals. Ethical consideration Before conducting any research regarding a particular topic, ethical consideration is one of the integral parts. The application on new motivational approach is the concerned topic based on which the importance of motivation for increasing the productivity of an employee has been evaluated. While collecting relevant data and information regarding a particular topic some of the major ethics and values should definitely be maintained. For an example, the participants should not be forced in order to provide any important data for the research. The co-operation should be spontaneous. This particular research is possessed with secondary data sources. Therefore, the books or journals or magazines from where data has been collected should be authentic and reliability. These specific values and ethics should strictly be maintained at the time of data collection. Conclusion The entire study has provided an in-depth understanding about the application on new motivational approach towards the performance of organizational employees. 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